Contaminated sites associated witheconomic growth and development and increased urbanizationpose a growing public health and environmental problem.Emissions and discharges, particularly uncontrolled ones,onto land can pollute the soil and the groundwater beneath,and can also affect surface water quality and sediments innearby rivers and streams. This document is intended tosummarize the rationale and the major policy, regulatory,implementation, and organizational issues involved increating a contaminated site program, especially for low andmiddle income countries. The document offers alternativesregarding the design and implementation of such a program.It provides an action agenda of short- and longer-termactivities to be considered when establishing a contaminatedsite program. In addition to providing some optionalapproaches for the many policy and programmatic issues, thedocument provides numerous references from the experience ofother country programs to draw upon in considering programoptions. The document is intended to help support World Bankstaff or other international financial institutions andassistance agencies in their dialogues with governmentalofficials in low and middle income countries regardingspecific options and steps on developing or implementingcontaminated sites programs in their countries. It is alsorelevant for governmental agencies in these countriesresponsible for site contamination and pollution management,land use planning, and site development at local andnational levels. The document is organized in the followingchapters: chapter one gives introduction. Chapter two issetting policy and legislative framework which highlightsthe development of policy and legislative purpose,principles, strategy and design, and related legislation.Chapter three is regulatory issues which presents majortopics that may be the subject of regulations by a ministryor agency. Chapter four is contaminated site programmanagement which presents management, organizational, andoperational issues, including issues of coordination andpartnerships within branches of government and with otherstakeholders. Chapter five is action agenda for contaminatedsite program which provides the development of an actionagenda of short- and longer-term actions to be considered informing a contaminated site program, including creation of anational management plan for contaminated sites.
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