Population growth, an unfinishedagenda of communicable diseases and maternal health andnutrition, and the rapid rise of Non-communicable diseasesare putting increasing strain on not just the Ministry ofHealth budget, but also the broader financial position ofthe government as a whole. These pressures are ultimatelyfinancially unsustainable, given current and projectedfuture economic conditions. But many of the health burdensand costs can be avoided, or at least delayed, with goodprimary and secondary prevention. There are practicaloptions for making health financing in Vanuatu moreeffective, efficient, equitable, affordable, andaccountable. Improving efficiency of public expenditure is akey to achieving this.