Since 2006, there has been an explosionof Payments for Environmental Services (PES) projects inBrazil, as well as efforts to pass PES laws at federal,state, and municipal levels. Even in this short period, anextraordinarily rich range of experiences has developed,with examples of the application of PES at a variety ofscales, ranging from microwatersheds to entire states; in avariety of contexts, from remote forest frontier areas tothe periurban fringe of megacities like São Paulo; and usinga variety of approaches, using direct payments by users,sales to regulated and voluntary carbon markets, governmentfunding, and mixes of these approaches. In this paper, weprovide an overview of Brazilian PES efforts to date, andattempt to extract some initial lessons.
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