Are Returns to Investment Lower for the Poor? Human and Physical Capital Interactions in Rural Vietnam

van de Walle, Dominique

World Bank, Washington, DC

关键词: accounting;    agricultural cooperatives;    agricultural extension;    agricultural production;    agriculture;   

DOI  :  10.1596/1813-9450-2425
RP-ID  :  WPS2425

学科分类：社会科学、人文和艺术（综合）

来源: World Bank Open Knowledge Repository

【 摘 要 】

If the marginal gains from investment in physical capital depend positively on knowledge, but a household cannot hire skilled labor to compensate for low skills, then even if it has access to credit, the household will achieve lower returns than an educated household. If, as is common, the income-poor are less educated because of failures in the credit market, and because they live in areas where there is less access to schooling, then the poor will also have lower returns on investments. The author tests this argument for the case of irrigation infrastructure in Vietnam. She asks how a household's education level, and demographic characteristics influence the gains to household income from irrigating previously unirrigated land. The next marginal benefit of irrigation increases strongly with the education of a household. The results suggest that unless disparities in education are addressed, market-oriented reforms will generate inequitable agricultural growth in Vietnam.