Reconstruction should include a range ofmeasures to enhance safety: disaster prevention facilities,relocation of communities to higher ground, and evacuationfacilities. A community should not, however, rely tooheavily on any one of these as being sufficient, because thenext tsunami could be even larger than the last. Communitiesalso need to rebuild their industries and create jobs tokeep their residents from moving away. The challenge is tofind enough relocation sites that are on high enough groundand large enough, and to regulate land use in lowland areas.There are two tiers of local government in Japan,prefectures and local municipalities, which are responsiblefor disaster response and reconstruction. Municipalgovernments play the most important role because they areclosest to the victims and the stricken areas. Theprefectural governments are grappling with the broadreconstruction issues. All reconstruction plans aim atrebuilding towns and communities that are resilient to major disasters.
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