As governments in developing countriesseek to expand access to water supply and improve thequality of service, they are considering a range of optionsfor public-private partnerships.Yet proposals to involvethe private sector have often met with concerns - abouttariff hikes, staff cutbacks, and ability to reduceinefficiency and expand access to service among the poor.And experience with the more than 300 contracts bringingprivate operators into water supply in 1990-2004 has beenmixed.How have water utilities performed under managementand lease-affermage contracts?Eight case studies acrossdeveloping regions show that performance has generallyimproved-across a range of measures.