Maritime transport carries more thannine-tenths of tonnage of world international trade. Theinternational shipping industry, competitive and dominatedby private companies, has delivered to trading nationsincreasing capacity, generally improving service levels, anddeclining unit shipping costs. To access and extract themaximum benefit from this vital transport resource eachnation depends on the performance of its ports sector; notonly on the capacity, quality and price of port services butalso their connectivity to hinterlands and to the industrialand consumer markets they serve. Ports in India, as in manycountries, face continued pressure to handle higherthroughput, adapt to larger and more specialized vessels,improve productivity, and adopt new technology andinformation systems that can meet the increasingly demandingservice standards expected by shippers, logistics companiesand shipping operators. As in all economic sectors, thesuccess of ports depends not only on investment in itsinfrastructure but on supportive policy and regulatorystructures, and on the effectiveness of the institutionsthat deliver services to customers. This Report contains ananalysis of the current status of India s ports sector,identifies potential constraints on the ability of ports tomeet India s future development needs, and sets out arecommended policy framework to increase the efficiency andeffectiveness of the sector.