Over a two-year period, beginning inlate 2004, the Nigerian federal government implemented oneof the most ambitious port concessioning programs everattempted. The success of this program resulted from thegovernment's vision and decisiveness, as well as theneed to remedy massive shortcomings in the sector, whichwere sharply inhibiting economic development. But theprogram also benefited strongly from policy reformrecommendations made by PPIAF-funded consultants in 2002.The role of these upstream policy and planningrecommendations highlights the value of best practice stepsfor creating an enabling environment in which sustainablearrangements for the private participation in infrastructurecan be concluded.