The Transit Regime for Landlocked States : International Law and Development Perspectives

Uprety, Kishor

Washington, DC : World Bank

关键词: ACCESS TO THE SEA;    APPLICABLE LAW;    BALANCE OF PAYMENTS;    BILATERAL TREATIES;    CENTRAL ASIAN;   

DOI  :  10.1596/978-0-8213-6299-0
RP-ID  :  34771

学科分类：社会科学、人文和艺术（综合）

来源: World Bank Open Knowledge Repository

【 摘 要 】

This study traces the development of theinternational law related to the free access of landlockedStates to and from the sea. Part I is a brief introductionto economic, institutional, and development-relatedchallenges faced by landlocked States. Part II examinesdoctrines and theories that have influenced the evolution ofthe legal regime that applies to landlocked States. Part IIIreviews the progress the international community hasachieved over the decades in devising legal mechanisms toaddress the problems these States face. It discussesenforcement of the right of access, in particular, theadministrative, institutional, and technical mechanismsused. The study further analyzes bilateral treaties andagreements dealing with the question of transit in differentcontinents. These agreements aimed at facilitating transitbetween landlocked States and their transit neighborsprovide for regimes that are tailored to the specificgeopolitical and socioeconomic needs of the parties. Thestudy also discusses the different international resolutionsbearing on cooperation between landlocked States and therole of multilateral institutions. Finally, Part IVconcludes the study by highlighting positive achievements ofthe international community in working toward a regime thatis satisfactory to all, and describes a multifacetedapproach to solve the problems of access of landlocked States.