Starting in the 1980s Chile initiatedwide-ranging economic reforms, paving the way for privatesector involvement in major infrastructure sectors. Withthese reforms came new regulatory rules, institutions, andprocesses to manage the interests and expectations of suchdiverse stakeholders as the government, consumers, andservice providers. One innovative feature is the use ofexpert panels -- specialized, independent, ad hoc entitiesaffiliated with neither the government nor the sectorregulator -- to resolve disputes arising from regulatorydecisions. The Chilean experience with these panels offersuseful lessons for policymakers.