Does Female Reservation Affect Long-Term Political Outcomes? Evidence from Rural India

Deininger, Klaus ; Jin, Songqing ; Nagarajan, Hari K. ; Fang, Xia

关键词: ACCESS TO EDUCATION;    ACTIVE PARTICIPATION;    ADOLESCENT FERTILITY;    AFFIRMATIVE ACTION;    ANTENATAL CARE;   

DOI  :  10.1596/1813-9450-5708
RP-ID  :  WPS5708

学科分类：社会科学、人文和艺术（综合）

来源: World Bank Open Knowledge Repository

【 摘 要 】

Although many studies have explored theimpacts of political quotas for females, often withambiguous results, the underlying mechanisms and long-termeffects have received little attention. This paper usesnation-wide data from India spanning a 15-year period toexplore how reservations affect leader qualifications,service delivery, political participation, localaccountability, and individualswillingness to contributeto public goods. Although leader quality declines andimpacts on service quality are often negative, gender quotasare shown to increase the level and quality of women'spolitical participation, the ability to hold leaders toaccount, and the willingness to contribute to public goods.Key effects persist beyond the reserved period and impactson females often materialize only with a lag.