This report summarizes the findings ofthe Financial Sector Assessment Program (FSAP) exercise forChina undertaken in 2010 by a joint International MonetaryFund (IMF) and World Bank team. The first mission (June)assessed the observance of selected international standardsand codes, and initiated discussions on a broad range offinancial sector issues. The second mission (December)completed its review and presented a draft Aide-Memoirealong with draft technical and background notes covering arange of topics relevant to China's financial sector.This report points out near-term risks, reform challengesand development opportunities China confronts as itcontinues to modernize its financial sector. China facespotential vulnerabilities, near-term risks andpolicy-induced distortions common to an evolving financialsystem. The challenges and opportunities are not unique, andcan be addressed. The author proposes that the authoritiescould consider carefully sequencing the following reformsand development options: (i) further deepening thecommercial orientation of the financial system; (ii) movingto more market-based means of controlling monetary andfinancial conditions; (iii) further strengthening regulationand supervision; (iv) upgrading the framework for financialstability and crisis management; (v) revising the strategyfor financial inclusion to achieve improved access tofinancial services ; (vi) continuing steps to support abroad based capital market; and (vii) continue to strengthenand deepen the insurance and pension sectors; and(viii)continue enhancement of the financial market infrastructure.