Addressing Gender Inequalities in Curriculum and Education : Review of Literature and Promising Practices to Inform Education Reform Initiatives in Thailand

Levtov, Ruti

World Bank, Washington, DC

关键词: DISCRIMINATION;    EFFECTING SOCIAL CHANGE;    GENDER EQUITY THROUGH EDUCATION;    GENDER INEQUALITIES;    GENDER NORMS;   

RP-ID  :  92763

学科分类：社会科学、人文和艺术（综合）

来源: World Bank Open Knowledge Repository

【 摘 要 】

In Thailand and worldwide, despiteincreases in educational enrollment, rigid gender normsdictating appropriate roles and behaviors contribute to thepersistence of the gender inequalities. Since educationsystems are embedded in the broader social context, theyreflect the inequalities that exist in society. Thestructure and content of schooling, textbooks, curricularchoices, sex distribution of teachers and administrators,teacher attitudes and behaviors, classroom and disciplinepractices, and the presence of violence, reflectdiscriminatory and harmful social norms about theappropriate roles and opportunities for boys and girls(Connell, 1996, 2000, 2010). At the same time, schools haveenormous potential to effect social change, transform genderrelations, expanding the range of possibilities for bothboys and girls (UNGEI, 2012a). This report provides a briefreview of the literature and of interventions to promotegender equity through education in several specific areas:textbooks and curriculum; teacher distribution, attitudes,and behaviors; and school violence and discipline. And thereport looks at holistic interventions that address multipledimensions. This review also gives an overview of importantsteps for assessing gender issues in the educational system,emphasizes the need for rigorous interventions that measurea broad range of outcomes, provides recommendations forpolicy and programming, and highlights tools and resources.