Chile is one of the leading agriculturalproducers in Latin America and an important player in worldagro-alimentary markets-a position it is determined tomaintain. In 2008, the government (through the Ministry ofAgriculture) requested technical assistance from the WorldBank to define how agricultural innovation can help maintainfuture competitiveness and how it needs to evolve. However,since changes in its agricultural innovation system will payoff more in the long run than in the short term, Chileneeded a realistic assessment of what it will take to be anagricultural leader in the future, knowing that without anunderstanding of the future, any major investment inagricultural innovation would be like shooting a cannon inthe dark. Although many dynamic changes (such as populationgrowth, improved incomes, market development, climatechange, shifting dietary patterns, and advances intechnology) can be identified, mapping and tracing theirinteraction is highly complex. So the Ministry and the Bankjointly engaged in a visioning exercise to understand thefactors that drive Chile's agricultural future. Thissmart lesson summarizes that exercise and shares some of thelessons learned.