This study examines and evaluatesdevelopments in the Justice Law and Order Sector (JLOS)institutions, noting both the achievements and continuingchallenges of reform under first phase Sector InvestmentPlan (SIP I) and SIP II. It pays particular attention to theSIP guidelines and objectives and to the outstandingchallenges described in various reviews of the JLOSinstitutions, more specifically: (a) the commercial court;(b) the impact of the establishment of the centre forarbitration and dispute resolution on case backlogs; (c) theadequacy of legal education to meet the needs of the sectorin view of recent reforms, and (d) the provision of legalaid services to the poor to increase their access tojustice. The study also touches on the challenges identifiedby the JLOS Medium Term Evaluation (MTE), which warranteddetailed study and which informed the development of SIP II.They include law reform, legal education, and access tojustice for the poor and particularly in the conflictedareas of Uganda.