Ethanol as a Husehold Fuel in Madagascar : Health Benefits, Economic Assessment, and Review of African Lessons for Scaling-up

World Bank

Washington, DC

关键词: ACUTE EXPOSURE;    AGRICULTURAL WASTE;    AIR;    AIR POLLUTION;    AIR POLLUTION CONCENTRATIONS;   

RP-ID  :  69982

学科分类：社会科学、人文和艺术（综合）

来源: World Bank Open Knowledge Repository

【 摘 要 】

This study was commissioned to analysethe cost efficiency and economic viability of an ethanolprogramme, for reducing disease, and protecting the forestsin Madagascar. This information is also expected to be ofinterest regionally and internationally, given that theWorld Health Organization (WHO) estimates that there arenearly two million deaths per annum globally due toHousehold Air Pollution (HAP), representing 2.7 percent ofthe global burden of disease. Of these, nearly 400,000deaths per annum due to HAP, are in sub-Saharan Africa. Withonly 20 percent of the world's population, Africasuffers a disproportionate share of around half of alldeaths from pneumonia for children under five years, forwhich HAP is a major risk factor. This study investigatesthe potential of ethanol as a household fuel in Madagascar,focusing on three main components: health benefits,financial and economic assessment, and African lessons forscaling-up a program of support for ethanol as a household fuel.