The main objective of this study is toidentify the major impediments to access to financialservices in rural areas, and provide practicalrecommendations to address the identified problems. Thestudy aims to inform on rural finance policies andinnovative instruments by examining both supply and demandsides including an identification of non-financial issuesthat restrict development of the rural financial sector.Addressing the lack of rural access to financial services inthe Niger development process continues to figureprominently on the Government agenda without, however, asystematic action plan and strategy. Adopting ad hocsolutions (such as the creation of an agriculturaldevelopment bank) without addressing the structural issuesthat limit access to financial services will, unfortunately,not yield any positive long lasting results.