This Fisheries Sector Approach Paper hasbeen written in recognition of the mounting challenges thatthe World Bank and the developing world face in meeting thefishery sector-related Millennium Development Goals and theoutcomes of the 2002 World Summit on SustainableDevelopment. It augments the Bank's Rural Strategy,Reaching the Rural Poor, which advocates a holistic approachto rural poverty reduction, and support for equitablegrowth. The paper also builds on the World Bank'sEnvironmental Strategy, Making Sustainable Commitments, amajor pillar of which is the protection of the regional andglobal commons, in addition to the improvement in thequality of life and the quality of growth of the WorldBank's clients. The paper treats the needs of thesector in greater depth, focusing in particular on theimprovement of the livelihoods of the millions of poorfishers, and the sustainability of the inland and marineregional and global commons, which define the quality oflife of their users. Also, public and internationalawareness has been raised by an ever increasing stream ofevidence that many of the world's fisheries areover-fished, catches are declining, and fishers'livelihoods are degrading along with the natural ecosystemsthey exploit