The global economic crisis has forced amajor rethinking of the respective roles of governments andmarkets in the processes of trade and growth. Indeed,industrial policy seems to be back in fashion or, at least,talking about it is. But a renewed 'activism' bygovernment in the trade and growth agenda need not mean areturn to old-style policies of import substitution and'picking winners.' Instead, it may mean a strongerfocus on competitiveness by unlocking the constraints toprivate sector-led growth. This note discusses the renewedrole of government in trade and growth policy from thecompetitiveness angle and it suggests some priorities forthe new competitiveness agenda.