Fostering Institutions to Contain Corruption

World Bank

Washington, DC

关键词: ABUSE;    ABUSES;    ABUSES OF POWER;    ACCOUNTABILITY;    ANTICORRUPTION;   

RP-ID  :  69855

学科分类：社会科学、人文和艺术（综合）

来源: World Bank Open Knowledge Repository

【 摘 要 】

Corruption is bad for development.Leaving aside the morality of bribe taking, influencepeddling, embezzlement, and other abuses of power forpersonal or narrow group gain, corruption impedes investmentand growth and exacerbates poverty and inequality. Humanbeings are prone to self-seeking behavior. What constrainsindividual behavior and makes it conform to largercollective ends includes the laws that form the core ofnorms and institutions. Corruption can never be completelyor permanently eliminated. Effective and durable corruptioncontrol requires multiple, reinforcing, and overlappinginstitutions of accountability. And where corruption isendemic, these institutions need to be of three kinds:horizontal accountability, vertical accountability, andexternal accountability.