In an environment characterized bygrowing financing constraints, the health sectors of EasternEuropean countries are under increased pressure to performefficiently. Policy-makers are challenged to ensure accessto health care and financial protection for vulnerablepopulations.To mitigate the impact of the economic crisison government budgets, sector spending and household income,the World Bank is providing fiscal support to a number ofEastern European countries. In the health sector, these loanprograms include technical assistance and policy dialoguefor reforms. This knowledge brief describes how the WorldBank is collaborating in health sector reform with fourcountries Hungary, Latvia, Poland, and Romania. It focuseson issues related to the economic crisis that threaten thefinancial sustainability of the health sectors in thesecountries and suggests reforms to mitigate the impact of the crisis.