A Globalized Market--Opportunities and Risks for the Poor : Global Poverty Report 2001

African Development Bank ; Asian Development Bank ; European Bank for Reconstruction and Development ; Inter-American Development Bank ; International Monetary Fund ; World Bank

World Bank, Washington, DC

关键词: ABSOLUTE POVERTY;    ACCESS TO INFORMATION;    ADVANCED COUNTRIES;    ADVERSE IMPACT;    ADVERSE IMPACTS;   

RP-ID  :  90287

学科分类：社会科学、人文和艺术（综合）

来源: World Bank Open Knowledge Repository

【 摘 要 】

The Global Poverty Report considersthe effects of globalizing markets on poverty in developingcountries. It outlines the channels through which increasedtrade openness can affect poverty and examines the evidencefrom four regions: Sub-Saharan Africa, Asia and the Pacific,Eastern Europe and Central Asia, and Latin America and theCaribbean. Written at the request of the G8, the report isthe result of a joint effort of the regional developmentbanks, the World Bank, and the International Monetary Fund.Increased openness can affect an economy in various ways,creating opportunities for the poor as well as risks. First,it can affect the prices of goods and services that the poorconsume and produce, benefiting those who are net consumersof goods that become cheaper and those who can obtain higherprices for their products on international markets. Second,it can affect the demand for and returns to factors ofproduction that the poor have to offer, such as labor.Third, it can affect government revenue and the resourcesavailable for antipoverty programs. Fourth, it can influencethe potential for economic growth, which in turn affectspoverty. Fifth, the short-term costs of transition, as wellas the possible increased volatility of growth stemming fromthe opening up of markets, may increase the need for socialprotection mechanisms. Comprehensive trade reform can helpreduce poverty when it is part of a set of reforms thatimprove the domestic macroeconomic and investment climate,enhance infrastructure and technology, and contribute to theprovision of knowledge and skills. However, these effectsvary significantly across countries, regions, and groupswithin countries, which makes it difficult to generalizeabout the effects of trade liberalization on poverty.