The Role of Standards in Global Value Chains

Kaplinsky, Raphael

关键词: ACCREDITATION;    ACCREDITATIONS;    AGRICULTURE;    AUDITS;    BENCHMARKING;   

DOI  :  10.1596/1813-9450-5396
RP-ID  :  WPS5396

学科分类：社会科学、人文和艺术（综合）

来源: World Bank Open Knowledge Repository

【 摘 要 】

Standards have become an increasinglyimportant dimension in global trade. Without the capacity tomeet the growing body of standards, producers may eitherhave difficulty in entering global markets, or be relegatedto unprofitable and low-margin niches. This paper overviewsthe history of standards, explains the difference betweendifferent types of standards, and identifies the keystakeholders involved in the setting of standards. It thenaddresses the role that standards play in enterpriseupgrading and considers some of the major costs forproducers in meeting standards, including potential costbarriers for small-scale producers. Before concluding with adiscussion of the policy challenges raised by thesedevelopments, it discusses the extent to which standardsintensity in global value chains will be affected when thefinal markets increasingly move from high-income consumersin the North to lower-income consumers in Southern economiessuch as China and India.