After decades of war and socialdisruption in Cambodia, publicly run water, and sanitationservices are scarce, and limited mainly to urban areas.While private providers offer relatively good service, theirhigh one-time connection charges put that service out ofreach for all, but the more affluent. The Government ofCambodia is piloting an output-based approach in four towns,where the private operator will be paid on the basis ofperformance - in large part, only after it has made aconnection to a customer. Where connections are made to poorhouseholds deemed unable to pay, the operator will receivean International Development Association - IDA-funded subsidy.