Monitoring and evaluation (M&E) areimportant performance management tools. They help inascertaining whether the policies and programs are meetingthe objectives. They can provide useful feedback informationfor taking corrective actions in the design of policies andprograms. They are also the basis for accountability in theuse of program funds. The monitoring and evaluation of therural water supply programs in India is being done mainlythrough periodic physical and financial progress reports,visits of area officers and other government officials, andevaluation studies and sample surveys conducted from time totime. The main purpose of the monitoring and evaluationactivities is to find out whether programs are beingimplemented as per their objectives, and to identifybottlenecks, if any, in the implementation of the programs.