Sustaining Trade Reform : Institutional Lessons from Peru and Argentina

Baracat, Elí ; as A. ; Finger, J. Michael ; Leó ; n Thorne, Raú ; l ; Nogué ; s, Julio J.

World Bank, Washington, DC

关键词: GOVERNANCE PRINCIPLES;    INTERNATIONAL ECONOMY;    INTERNATIONAL OBLIGATIONS;    RESTRICTIONS;    SUSTAINABLE REFORM;   

DOI  :  10.1596/1813-9450-6610
RP-ID  :  WPS6610

学科分类：社会科学、人文和艺术（综合）

来源: World Bank Open Knowledge Repository

【 摘 要 】

This paper examines trade policies inPeru and Argentina since the reforms of the 1990s. Peruprovides a valuable example of sustaining reform. Leadershave used negotiations and other international instrumentsto disseminate among Peruvians a positive vision of Peru inthe international economy and to extend the application ofWorld Trade Organization-based governance principles. Peruhas introduced few new restrictions and all of them havebeen through World Trade Organization-sanctioned policyinstruments. Argentina, by contrast, has introduced multiplerestrictions, through procedures that eschew World TradeOrganization governance principles. Moreover, leaders therehave returned trade politics to the dependencia philosophythat sees the international economy as an exploitiveenvironment. The paper brings out the weakness ofinternational obligations to limit Argentina's returnto import substitution and the pains at which Peru has goneto maintain the management of its economy within the samerules that Argentina has so easily violated.