Pedestrians and Non-Motorized Trafficvehicles (NMTs) are part of the complete transport scene andin some cases form a very important aspect of that scene. Aswith the motorized sector of the transport market, thissector will experience positive and negative impacts as aconsequence of a transport investment and the sectortherefore needs to be included within the appraisal of thatinvestment. Wheeled NMTs (e.g. bicycles and rickshaws) canexperience benefits as smoother roads reduce operating costsand journey times, whether that be in an urban or ruralenvironment. New roads and smoother roads can also lead tomode switching from pedestrian modes to either wheeled NMTsor motorized vehicles, giving both journey time andoperating cost savings. An increase in the speed of trafficon an upgraded road may result in an increase in theseriousness of road accidents (i.e. an increase in theaverage number of fatalities per accident), with pedestriansand NMTs being the vulnerable road user groups. In somesituations increases in capacity of urban intersections orurban arterials (e.g. construction of an urban motorway orfreeway) may reduce the amount of road space available forNMTs thereby imposing costs (both travel time and operatingcosts) on that road user group. As with motorized transport,pedestrians and NMTs may benefit from a transport investmentthrough operating cost savings, travel time savings, andaccident and safety impacts. The inclusion of benefits topedestrians and NMTs can form a significant proportion ofthe total scheme benefits for investments such as low volumerural roads.
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