Indonesia, a low-middle income countryof around 242 million people, has made impressive gains inhealth over the past few decades, notably in increased lifeexpectancy and reduced infant and child mortality rates.There has been less progress in improving maternal mortalityand malnutrition. Inequities among geographic areas andincome levels are large, presenting a major challenge to thehealth care system. Demographic and epidemiologicaltransitions have affected the disease burden:disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due tocerebrovascular disease, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes,and lung cancer have increased by 80 percent or more during1990 2010. The central government has committed to achievinguniversal health coverage (UHC) by 2019 as projected in theRoad Map of the Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN), orNational Health Insurance Program, 2012-2019.