Cost-effective and high qualitytransport systems are key to modern logistics. Their rolecan only be expected to grow even as the global economy goesthrough profound transformation in terms of how, where andwhen goods are produced or distributed. In many economiesand at many different geographical scales, road transportremains the predominant mode of transport and is anindispensable part of how economic agents interact in space.Consumer expectations and production requirementsincreasingly require that transport operators providehigh-quality services that are also safe and affordable fortheir clients. However, in many countries logisticsperformance remains too low to effectively contribute toeconomic and social development. This is the challenge thatthis Guide seeks to meet, to offer paths to reforming thesector and making it suited to the needs of a highlyconnected world. The guide is organized in four broadsections. The first three set out the role of road transportin modern economies and the supply chains that characterizethem, the principles of reform, and how to gather data andinformation to conduct a diagnostic and target thosereforms. The fourth section offers options and possiblepaths available to agencies driving the reform process.