Even nearly ten years of solid growthcannot guarantee long-term income convergence. The countriesof the Latin America and Caribbean region (LAC), like otheremerging economies, have benefited from a decade ofremarkable growth and some income per capita convergencetowards the United States and other industrializedcountries. Yet, despite this recent progress, LAC stillfaces a significant per capita income gap with the developedworld. The studies in this volume contribute to the ongoingdebate on the reasons for this persistent income gap and thepotential drivers of convergence, and propose some broadavenues for reform.