Air pollution has major health impactson people living in Ulaanbaatar. The excessively highparticulate matter concentrations, especially in the winterand in the ger areas, increase the incidence of heart andlung diseases, and lead to premature deaths. Improving airquality management in Ulaanbaatar and reducing pollutionconcentrations would prevent illnesses, save lives and avoidenormous health costs. The implementation of the AirMonitoring and Health Impact Baseline (AMHIB) study hasbrought together Mongolian and international air qualityexperts as well as public health experts and economists whohave taken an synergetic approach of linking public health,air quality and economic issues. This report builds upon thediscussion paper air pollution in Ulaanbaatar: initialassessment of current situation and effects of abatementmeasures that was published in December 2009, and reflectsthe final results and recommendations from the AMHIB project.