This report synthesizes the findings forthe energy sector of a broader study, the Brazil low carbonstudy, which was undertaken by the World Bank in itsinitiative to support Brazil's integrated efforttowards reducing national and global emissions of greenhousegases while promoting long term development. The main aim ofthe study is to examine the potential for abating GreenhouseGas (GHG) emissions in Brazil in the energy area and toassess the relative costs of doing so for the time frame2010-2030. Basically the study seeks to demonstrate by howmuch, by when and at what cost Brazil could reduce its GHGenergy sector emissions. Given its special features, thefuel use and emissions of greenhouse gases in thetransportation sector are dealt with in another report ofthis project. In addition the study aims to provideinformation for the Brazilian government to enable it todevelop a long-term strategy (2030) for reducing carbon inthe energy area (except the transport sector) and, morespecifically, to provide the technical input needed forevaluating the potential for reducing greenhouse gasemissions produced by the key economic sectors. In short,the study seeks to identify the different options andopportunities that could justify possible internationalresources being allocated to Brazil. The teams involved inthe study needed first to focus on the proposed mitigationand carbon sequestering options and then, after identifyingthese proposals, to focus on existing barriers to thesuccessful deployment of these options and suggest a set ofpublic policies which could be mobilized to overcome them.The study also provides estimates of the scale ofinvestments and operating costs likely to be involved, aswell as a mitigation cost curve.