More Than Schooling : Understanding Gender Differences in the Labor Market When Measures of Skill Are Available

Gunewardena, Dileni ; King, Elizabeth M. ; Valerio, Alexandria

World Bank, Washington, DC

关键词: GENDER GAP;    LABOR MARKET;    EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT;    FEMALE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION;    ECONOMICS OF GENDER;   

DOI  :  10.1596/1813-9450-8588
RP-ID  :  WPS8588

学科分类：社会科学、人文和艺术（综合）

来源: World Bank Open Knowledge Repository

【 摘 要 】

This paper uses measures of cognitiveand noncognitive skills in an expanded definition of humancapital to examine how schooling and skills differ betweenmen and women and how those differences relate to gendergaps in earnings across nine middle-income countries. Theanalysis finds that post-secondary schooling and cognitiveskills are more important for women's earnings at thelower end and middle of the earnings distribution, and thatmen and women have positive returns to openness to newexperiences and risk-taking behavior and negative returns tohostile attribution bias. Especially at the lower end of theearnings distribution, women are disadvantaged not so muchby having lower human capital than men, but by institutionalfactors such as wage structures that reward women'shuman capital systematically less than men's.