Municipal solid waste (MSW) managementsystem is one of the key components of a country'soverall environmental and resource efficiency framework.Inefficient MSW treatment in Russia today is causingnegative environmental impact, and results in suboptimal useof raw materials and energy. If Russia optimized its MSWmanagement policy and implemented modern technologies, by2025 it could fully shift towards environmentally friendlyMSW management system and recover up to 45 percent of waste.As a result, by 2025 more than 200 metric tons of MSW wouldbe recovered to raw materials and energy instead oflandfilling. This would require investing up to40 billionand would generate additional2 billion in revenues fromrecoverable fractions.