Sri Lanka’s health system has a longtrack record of strong performance. This case studydescribes the main features and achievements of Sri Lanka’shigh-performing health system, to distill lessons for therest of the world. UNICO case studies focus on a particularhealth coverage program. In Sri Lanka, the selected healthcoverage program is the government’s national health service(NHS) that was established in the 1930s and has remainedbroadly the same since then. Thus, the entire governmenthealth system is taken as the health coverage program,without narrowing the focus to a specific program. Therelationship between the government system and the privatehealth sector in Sri Lanka is explored in the case study.Looking forward, the pending agenda related to addressingthe health needs of an aging population is also discussed.