Financing the Frontline updates the expenditure analysis carried out in Below the GlassFloor (2013) and tests whether the spending patterns emerging in 2009 and 2010 in Papua NewGuinea have been sustained or improved in 2011 and 2012. The review also supports a betterunderstanding of the issues that confront frontline service delivery — such as the ambiguity ofroles and responsibilities in some rural health functions — and proposes next steps.Concurrently, the National Department of Health performance information on facilities (from theNational Health Information System) has been reviewed. The integration of the expenditureanalysis, the NHIS performance information and the findings from the Promoting Effective PublicExpenditure facility surveys will provide a rich source of information to help sharpen understandingand shape solutions.