This publication is the result of aninitiative to promote an exchange between Brazil and Africancountries on lessons learned about the role of communityforestry as a strategic option to achieve the goals ofReducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation(REDD+). The initiative was supported by the World Bank withfunding from the Global Environment Facility (GEF), andcoordinated by the Amazonas Sustainable Foundation (FAS)with support from the National Forestry Agency International(ONFI). Representatives of five countries from the CongoBasin (Cameroon, Gabon, the Central African Republic, theDemocratic Republic of Congo, and the Republic of Congo) andMadagascar participated in this initiative. This publicationorganizes information, analyses and conclusions on issuesrelevant to the design and implementation of REDD+strategies. The findings do not represent an officialposition of any of the institutions or governments involved.In fact, the material presented here aims to stimulatefurther discussions, as the REDD+ debate is still unfoldingand could benefit greatly from technical exchanges among thevarious ongoing initiatives. This publication has thefollowing sections: (i) a conceptual approach to communityforestry and REDD+; (ii) the key issues of REDD+ inconnection with community forestry in Africa; (iii) howREDD+ and forest carbon (FC) are being developed in Brazil;and (iv) conclusions.