Chile's Growth and Development : Leadership, Policy-Making Process, Policies, and Results

Schmidt-Hebbel, Klaus

World Bank, Washington, DC

关键词: AGGREGATE INCOME;    AGRICULTURE;    AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW;    ANNUAL GROWTH;    AVERAGE GROWTH;   

RP-ID  :  57751

学科分类：社会科学、人文和艺术（综合）

来源: World Bank Open Knowledge Repository

【 摘 要 】

This paper analyzes the relationsbetween leadership, the policy making process, policies andinstitutions, and development results in Chile. It startswith a stylized model for the dynamics of development thatderives a Kuznets type relation between growth anddistribution of income, determined by the quality ofleadership, the policy making process, institutions, andpolicies. This framework is applied to Chile, identifyingthe features of the policy making process and leadershipthat allowed for continuation of growth enhancing reform,with a stronger focus on equity goals, since the transitionto democracy. As a result of three decades of reforms, Chilehas recorded a quantum leap in economic growth, which istraced down to specific reforms. Yet Chile's equityexperience is much more mixed: poverty has declinedmassively but income remains highly concentrated, a likelyresult of shortcomings in the quality of education and inlabor markets. The paper reviews the major risks to thecountry's future development pace and points out themain reform challenges faced by policy makers.