This case study summarizes the findingsof desk reviews and a field visit carried out in January2011 as part of IEG's evaluation of the 2007 Governanceand Anticorruption (GAC) strategy. The case study sought toevaluate the relevance and effectiveness of Bank support forGAC efforts over the FY2004-10 period, to assess thecontributions of 2007 strategy implementation, and toidentify early outcomes and lessons. This Background Paperis based on findings of the mission that visited Liberia inJanuary 2011. The team is particularly grateful forinformative meetings with officials from the Government ofLiberia, Bank staff, and members of civil society. Theevaluation aims to help enhance the Bank's approach togovernance and anticorruption and to improve itseffectiveness in helping countries develop capable andaccountable states that create opportunities for the poor.Pursuant to this objective, the evaluation assessed therelevance of the 2007 GAC strategy and implementation plan,as well as the efficiency and effectiveness ofimplementation efforts in making Bank engagement withcountries and other development partners more responsive toGAC concerns. It also sought to identify early lessons aboutwhat works and what does not in helping to promote goodgovernance and reduce corruption. The Liberia case study isbased on an extensive desk review as well as a field visitto Monrovia from January 17-22, 2011. It evaluates therelevance and effectiveness of Bank support for governanceand anticorruption efforts since the launch of theBank's GAC strategy in 2007. It elaborates on a deskreview of the GAC responsiveness of the Bank's Liberiaprogram and reviews the following GAC entry points: corepublic sector reform (public financial management anddecentralization); demand for good governance (includingsocial accountability issues); GAC in the road sector; andthe investment climate. The case study also examines theextent to which the Bank's GAC Strategy has made adifference in staff attitudes toward addressing GAC issuesin their operational work. The mission interviewedgovernment, Bank, donor, and nongovernmental organization(NGO) staff based in Washington and in Monrovia.