Fertility Transition in Turkey : Who Is Most at Risk of Deciding Against Child Arrival?

Greulich, Angela ; Dasre, Auré ; lien ; Inan, Ceren

World Bank, Washington, DC

关键词: FEMALE EDUCATION;    NUMBER OF CHILDREN;    SOCIAL NORMS;    WORKFORCE;    FERTILITY TRANSITION;   

DOI  :  10.1596/1813-9450-7310
RP-ID  :  WPS7310

学科分类：社会科学、人文和艺术（综合）

来源: World Bank Open Knowledge Repository

【 摘 要 】

In Turkey, female employment andeducation are still relatively low, while fertility levelsare high compared with other European countries. However,Turkey stands just at the edge of an important socialtransition. Increasing female education and employment comealong with important decreases in fertility. By mobilizingcensus and survey data, this paper finds that fertilitydecreases are mainly caused by fewer transitions to a thirdbirth. Graduate women participating in the formal labormarket are most at risk of deciding against child arrival incomparison with inactive or unemployed women. The third rankis particularly concerned, as women’s income contributionseems to be crucial for many families that already have twochildren, and the arrival of a third child risks reducing orstopping women’s working activities in the absence ofinstitutional childcare support. Policies enabling women tocombine work and family life, which have been proveneffective in other European countries, emerge as useful toavoid a further fertility decline below replacement level in Turkey.