Market Imperfections Exacerbate the Gender Gap : The Case of Malawi

Palacios-Lopez, Amparo ; Ló ; pez, Ramó ; n

World Bank, Washington, DC

关键词: LIVING STANDARDS;    EMPLOYMENT;    HOUSEHOLD SURVEY;    RIGHTS;    GENDER SPECIFIC;   

DOI  :  10.1596/1813-9450-7300
RP-ID  :  WPS7300

学科分类：社会科学、人文和艺术（综合）

来源: World Bank Open Knowledge Repository

【 摘 要 】

This paper hypothesizes that labor andcredit market imperfections—by discouraging off-farmincome-generating activities and restricting access toinputs, respectively—affect female farm productivity moredeeply than male productivity. The paper develops atheoretical model that decomposes the contribution ofvarious market imperfections to the gender productivity gap.The paper shows empirically that agricultural laborproductivity is on average 44 percent lower on plots managedby female heads of household than on those managed by maleheads. Thirty-four percent of this gap is explained bydifferences in labor market access and 29 percent bydifferences in credit access.