This paper is a comprehensive case studyon how the Korean civil registration and vital statistics(CRVS) system facilitates achievement of universal healthcoverage (UHC) in the Republic of Korea. The case studybriefly summarizes the resident registration system - themain part of the Korea CRVS system - and the health caresystem in Korea; it provides an overview of UHC-relatedproblems from the perspective of three major stakeholders:patients, providers, and government. It presents casestudies illustrating how the Korean resident registrationnumber (RRN) system facilitates implementation of UHC inKorea, including three main areas of health serviceprovision (prevention, treatment and management, and healthcare data usage). It discusses key considerations for UHCimplementation using RRNs, focusing on personal informationprotection and use of health care data in UHCimplementation; and, it presents lessons learned andprovides a conclusion of the study.