This paper assesses the role of social media in social and economic development. The web andin particular, social media such as social network sites (e.g. Facebook) and microblogs (e.g.Twitter), allows ordinary citizens to connect with one another and share information viacomputer-mediated networks. This behavior is often explicitly or implicitly networked (forexample, people ‘friend’ one another on Facebook and ‘follow’ one another on Twitter,leading to the formation of social and information-sharing networks). For that reason, the paper usesan analytical framework that draws from the extensive literature on social networks. It summarizes research on social networks, social learning and development and use this as abasis for assessing the potential impact of social media on social and economic development.