This case study on Malaysia is part ofphase two of the multicountry Universal Health Coveragestudy series (UNICO), which explores propoor universalhealth coverage (UHC) programs, which expanded one or moreof the three dimensions of the UHC cube, breadth ofpopulation coverage, depth of service coverage, and heightof financial coverage, in a manner that is propoor. Malaysiais one of only a handful of global examples of low-income ormiddle-income healthcare systems which had been able todeliver equitable and effective health outcomes at low costand with strong financial protection, through public sectorsupply-side investments. The experiences and lessons learntfrom Malaysia’s Public Healthcare System (PHS) are hencerelevant for low, and low-middle-income countriesconsidering such a pathway to UHC. Sections two to four ofthis case study describes the political, economic, andpopulation context in which PHS exists, and covers twoimportant aspects of PHS, service delivery and healthfinancing, which are instrumental to its success. PHScoexists with a large parallel private sector, which isdescribed together in these sections. Additional topics onPHS, its institutional architecture, management of itsbenefits package, and information environment, are coveredin sections five to seven. Two major focus areas are thendiscussed: the first focus area (section eight) discusseshow PHS achieved propoor coverage through implicittargeting, while the second focus area explores theinterrelationship between PHS and the private sector.Section 10 concludes with a proposed reform agenda for Malaysia.
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