Deepening without Broadening? : Jobs in Ghana's Private Sector

Francis, David C. ; Honorati, Maddalena

World Bank, Washington, DC

关键词: jobs;    SME development;    small and medium-sized enterprises;    business environment;    surveys;   

DOI  :  10.1596/1813-9450-7835
RP-ID  :  WPS7835

学科分类：社会科学、人文和艺术（综合）

来源: World Bank Open Knowledge Repository

【 摘 要 】

Creating productive jobs is one of thegreatest challenges in Ghana. This paper looks at jobcreation and its relationship with firm productivity and thequality of jobs among registered firms in the Ghanaianprivate sector, based on the 2013 World Bank EnterpriseSurvey. The study looks at the typology of firms in theindustry and service sectors, identifying those that havecreated the most jobs, and the relative quality of thesejobs in terms of productivity and firms' average wagebill. Although the formal private sector employs only a tinyshare of total employment, the results show that larger andolder firms account for the majority of workers, and formaljobs density is highest in Accra (Accra Metropolitan Areaand Tema). Large firms also pay higher wages on average, aremore productive, and account for most of the aggregate netformal job creation between 2010 and 2012. However, therelationship between size and productivity is positive andstatistically significant, mostly driven by the upper partof the firm size distribution, pointing to potential marketsegmentations as micro, small, and medium firms create fewerjobs and are less productive. Removing barriers to thegrowth of micro, small, and medium size enterprises, and tothe allocation of resources toward more efficient firmsshould be a key priority for policy makers.