Using Taxation to Address Noncommunicable Diseases : Lessons from Tonga

World Bank

World Bank, Nuku'alofa, Tonga

关键词: EXCISE TAX;    NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASE;    SIN TAX;    TOBACCO TAX;    PRICE ELASTICITY OF DEMAND;   

RP-ID  :  138311

学科分类：社会科学、人文和艺术（综合）

来源: World Bank Open Knowledge Repository

【 摘 要 】

Tonga has experienced a high burden ofnoncommunicable diseases (NCDs) in the past two decades.Data indicate the continuing rise of four major NCDs-cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer,and respiratorydiseases – as the leading causes of premature death anddisability. According to latest data, NCDs accounted forfour out of five leading causes of mortality in Tonga, and99.9 percent of Tongan adults aged 25–64 are at moderate tohigh risk of developing an NCD. The increase inbehavioral-related risk factors such as smoking, poor diet(e.g. high in sugar, salt, trans-fat and saturated fat, andlow in fruit, vegetables, legumes, fish etc.), harmfulalcohol intake, and physical inactivity are acknowledged asthe major contributing factors to the rise in NCDs in Tonga.According to its 2012 STEPS Survey, Tonga has one of thehighest rates of overweight and obesity (≥25 kg/