The World Bank Group's positioningin relation to Rwanda's Vision 2020 goal of rapidlyattaining Middle-Income Country (MIC) status reflected manyof the elements that are critical to realizing thecountry's goal: (i) Under a first pillar of promotingeconomic transformation for sustained growth, it supportedinfrastructure (notably energy and transport); the businessenvironment (including skills development); the financialsector (including rural finance); and in the latter yearsthe urban sector. (ii) Under a second pillar of reducingsocial vulnerability and raising the productivity andincomes of the poor, it supported agriculture; health(initially); and social protection—including demobilizationand reintegration of ex-combatants. (iii) A thirdaccountable governance pillar aimed to strengthen centraland decentralized public financial management (PFM). Thisevaluation assesses the development effectiveness of theWorld Bank Group's country program in Rwanda over theperiod FY09-17. The report aims to inform future partnershipframeworks between the World Bank Group and the RwandanGovernment. The report is also of interest to individualsand organizations working with countries striving toconsolidate economic progress after a successful transitionfrom conflict, or countries striving to reach middle-incomecountry (MIC) status.