Flood Risk Management in Dhaka : A Case for Eco-Engineering Approaches and Institutional Reform

World Bank

World Bank, Washington, DC

关键词: FLOOD RISK;    LAND USE;    CLIMATE VULNERABILITY;    POVERTY;    PUBLIC SECTOR;   

RP-ID  :  123260

学科分类：社会科学、人文和艺术（综合）

来源: World Bank Open Knowledge Repository

【 摘 要 】

The main objective of this study is topropose recommendations for addressing flood risks inGreater Dhaka. This is based on an analysis of flood risksfacing the city, historical analysis of decision-makingabout flood risk management, and institutional and politicaleconomy analysis. Looking ahead, the study also considershow relatively new approaches to managing flood risk—greendefense, eco-engineering, or ecosystem–based approaches—might inform the management of flood risk in Dhaka city. Thestudy was initiated at the request of the Government ofBangladesh and carried out in close consultation with theMinistry of Environment and Forests—the focal agency for theBangladesh Climate Change Resilience Fund (BCCRF), with theDhaka North and South City Corporations and RAJUK. Itcontributes to the goals of the Country PartnershipFramework 2016–20 prepared in collaboration by theGovernment of Bangladesh and the World Bank (World Bank2016). At present, the World Bank is undertaking an analysisof options to engage in eastern Dhaka and also developing abroader platform for engagement in the city. The study alsoinforms these endeavors. It is fully aligned with thepreparation of the Bangladesh Delta Plan 2100, acollaborative long-term planning initiative being undertakenby Bangladesh’s Planning Commission and the Netherlands.Further, it is consistent with the Bangladesh Climate ChangeStrategy and Action Plan 2009, which highlights the urgencyof strengthening resilience to urban flood risks.The studyis based on extensive fieldwork, documentary research, andconsultations with government and other stakeholders. It hasthe following focus areas: First, to set the stage, ananalysis of flood risks facing Dhaka city is undertaken.Using publicly accessible satellite imagery, geographicinformation system (GIS)-based mapping tools, and availablesatellite-based analysis, the study assesses spatial changesin urbanization and urban ecosystems that are shaping floodrisk in the city. Second, a historical analysis of floodmanagement interventions in Dhaka and the sequence in whichthey occurred is undertaken. Third, an institutional andorganizational capacity assessment for urban planning andflood risk management is undertaken. In proposing theserecommendations, an extensive review of internationalexperience using green defense or eco-engineering approacheswas undertaken.