This study discusses the impact ofeconomic geography and (low) population density ondevelopment outcomes in Mali and explores how policies toreduce poverty can be made more effective by taking thesetwo factors into account. The crisis in north Mali whichstarted in 2012 and continues to date has brought questionsof economic geography to the center of attention. To helpanswer such questions, and to analyze how to reduce povertyin Mali as a whole, this study uses different sources ofinformation to analyze the diversity of livelihood patterns,in access to services and in living standards. The studyuses quantitative information from household surveys,population and firm censuses, administrative and geographicdata, and qualitative information about livelihoods. Thisstudy argues that the authorities will need to employ allthree policy instruments, while emphasizing that if theobjective is poverty reduction, most attention should befocused on spatially blind approaches. The study isorganized as follows: chapter one gives introduction.Chapter two emphasizes differences in population densitywhich allows distinguishing between types of agglomerationfrom villages, to rural town, to large cities. Chapter threecategorizes the country into various livelihood zones andconsiders how the agro-physical environment affects the waypeople live. In chapter four authors turn to householdwelfare. Chapter five considers access to services. Chaptersix is forward looking.
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