Enhancement of energy efficiency (EE)can help bridge the gap between supply and demand forenergy. This paper assesses the energy efficiency andconservation (EE and C) potential of sixteen EE end-usetechnologies and subsectors (for both primary energy (oil,gas and coal) and electricity) in Bangladesh vis a vis“business-as-usual”. Further, it prioritizes among them onthe bases of their potential for generating energy savings,their costs, and the benefits of deployment on a largescale. The end-use EE improvement technologies/measuresanalyzed range from lights, fans, and refrigerators tomotors, boilers, and chillers. Sectors covered includegarments, textile dyeing and weaving, steel and cement. Theywere chosen for analysis because they represent the mostpromising prospective candidates for demand side energyefficiency improvement in the country. The analysisindicates that a total of 400 petajoule (PJ) can be saved inthe year 2030 when the projected total primary energyrequirement is likely to be approximately 2800 PJ, i.e., asavings of 14.3 percent of the total primary energyrequirement in 2030 can be achieved by implementing EEmeasures alone. A back-of-the-envelope calculation of therelative cost effectiveness of the different optionsanalyzed provides a measure of the costs and benefits ofthese EE options. Despite domestic electricity and gasprices being fairly low in comparison with internationalmarket prices, the cost of saved energy for most options iseither low or negative: in other words, these EE investmentshave a favorable rate of return and should be a key part ofenergy sector development in Bangladesh. Higher electricityor gas prices would increase the cost-effectiveness of alloptions because the monetized value of energy saved would be higher.
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